What is Sodium? Your Complete Guide
Sodium is the main electrolyte that controls water balance in your body. Your kidneys tightly regulate sodium levels. It's essential for nerve and muscle function.
💡Simply Explained
Sodium is the main mineral that controls water balance in your body. Think of it like a sponge for water — where sodium goes, water follows. Too much sodium = water retention and high blood pressure. Too little = water imbalance.
📏Normal Range
Typical reference range. Your lab may use slightly different values.
⬆️What High Sodium Means
Possible Causes
- Dehydration (losing more water than salt)
- Not drinking enough water
- Diarrhea or vomiting
- Excessive sweating in hot climates
- Diabetes insipidus
Foods That Can Help
- Drink plenty of water
- Coconut water (natural electrolyte balance)
- Watermelon and cucumber
- Reduce salt intake temporarily
⬇️What Low Sodium Means
Possible Causes
- Excess water intake
- Heart failure
- Liver cirrhosis
- Kidney disease
- Medications (diuretics, antidepressants)
- SIADH
Foods That Can Help
- Don't overdrink water — more isn't always better
- If mild, normal salted food is sufficient
- Electrolyte drinks if recommended by doctor
🏃Lifestyle Actions
If Your Sodium Is High
- Drink more water to dilute sodium
- Reduce salty foods temporarily
- Seek medical attention if confused, very thirsty, or seizing
If Your Sodium Is Low
- Restrict fluid intake if advised by doctor
- Don't try to "fix" it with salty food without medical guidance
- Review medications — diuretics are a common cause
🩺When to See a Doctor
High Sodium
Sodium above 150 mEq/L with confusion or seizures — seek emergency care. Mild elevation — hydrate and see a doctor within a few days.
Low Sodium
Sodium below 125 mEq/L is dangerous — can cause seizures and brain swelling. Seek medical care urgently. Between 125-135, see a doctor within a few days.
🎯Did You Know?
Your body contains about 100 grams of sodium — roughly the amount in 250 grams (half a packet) of table salt. Your kidneys process about 1.5 kg of sodium daily, reabsorbing 99% of it!
❓Frequently Asked Questions
What is Sodium?
Sodium is the main mineral that controls water balance in your body. Think of it like a sponge for water — where sodium goes, water follows. Too much sodium = water retention and high blood pressure. Too little = water imbalance.
What is the normal range for Sodium?
The typical normal range for Sodium is 136–145 mEq/L.
What causes high Sodium?
Dehydration (losing more water than salt). Not drinking enough water. Diarrhea or vomiting.
What causes low Sodium?
Excess water intake. Heart failure. Liver cirrhosis.
How can I check my Sodium levels?
You can check your Sodium levels with a routine blood test. Upload your lab report to ScanHealth for an instant, plain-language explanation.
Check Your Sodium Results Instantly
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Upload Your ReportThis guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Reference ranges may vary by lab. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.